TABLE 2-1 Selected Attacks Involving Explosives from 1970 to 2016 Event (Location)ġ983-Beirut Barracks Bombing *Beirut, London)ġ983-US Embassy Bombings (Beirut, Lebanon)ġ992-St. 37, 38 These materials have been used in high-profile incidents like the Boston Marathon bombing. The majority of domestic incidents have used and continue to use commercial explosives, smokeless powder, black powder, flash powder, and pyrotechnic fillers as a main charge likely due to their ease of acquisition (e.g., purchasing 50 pounds of black powder requires no federal license or permit). The main charge of an IED contains the largest amount of explosive a description of the main charge used in each attack is shown in Table 2-1, along with the estimated mass.

34- 36 This incident was chosen as a logical starting point as it was the first major attack in the United States that employed precursor chemicals to produce the IED’s main charge, specifically, ammonium nitrate (AN) mixed with fuel oil (AN/FO). The committee produced a list of selected explosives incidents, both realized and thwarted, starting with the 1970 Sterling Hall Bombing at the University of Wisconsin ( Table 2-1). PAST AND RECENT ATTACKS INVOLVING EXPLOSIVES

The Group A precursor chemicals appear to pose the most immediate threat in terms of their potential for use in improvised explosive devices (IEDs), though shifts in bomb makers’ tactics could elevate the status of Group B and C chemicals without warning. To prioritize those chemicals, the committee compiled a long list of precursor chemicals then it established a short list of chemicals of particular concern and lastly, it applied a set of criteria to the chemicals on the short list and, according to those criteria, it ranked the chemicals in three separate groups: A, B, and C. The number of precursor chemicals that can be used to make homemade explosives (HMEs) is large. Precursor Chemicals Used to Make Homemade Explosives

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